五大基本句型是小学阶段英语学习中的重点内容,也是小学生学好英语语法的关键
一、There be句型
1、解释:“……地方有……”;
2、结构:
There be + 主语 + 地点状语
eg:There are some apples on the table.
3、考点:主谓一致
(1)be 后名词是单数名词或不可数名词,be 用 is 或者 was;后接可数名词复数则用 are 或were。
eg:
There is an apple in the fridge.
There is some milk in the fridge.
There isn’t any / is no money in the box.
There are many girls in the room.
(2)如果 be 后面是几个并列名词作主语,be 的单复数和最靠近的名词保持一致——就近原则。
eg:
There is a book and two pencils on the desk.
There are two pencils and a book on the desk.
二、主系表
1、结构:主语+系动词+表语
eg:
He is good.
He is a good student.
2、系动词:
必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语才能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫系动词。
常见系动词:
(1)be 动词——is/am/are/was/were
(2)感官动词——feel/look/sound/taste/smell
(3)表转变动词——get/grow/become/go
eg:
感官动词主系表——It looks perfect. 它看上去真完美。
表转变动词主系表——The sky grew dark./ It became dirty.
3、考点:系动词后面跟形容词
eg:
He looks at her happily.(happily 修饰 look at,look at 解释为看着,look 是实义动词)
He looks happy when he sees her.(look 不及物,这里没有跟介词,单独行动,翻译/为“看上去”,是系动词,后跟形容词。)
三、主谓宾
1、结构:主语+谓语+宾语
主语:动作发出者;
谓语:动作本身(实义动词);
宾语:动作承受者
eg:I walk a bear. 我溜一只熊。
at,look at 解释为看着,look 是实义动词)
He looks happy when he sees her.(look 不及物,这里没有跟介词,单独行动,翻译/为“看上去”,是系动词,后跟形容词。)
四、主谓宾宾
结构:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语
双宾语:直接宾语(物);间接宾语(人)——物直人间
eg:
I give him the book.
I give the book to him.
谓语后跟间接宾语时,直接宾语前不需要介词;谓语后跟直接宾语时,间接宾语前加介词 to/for。
五、主谓宾宾补
结构:主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
宾补:一个宾语不能完整表达出意思,需要加一个补充成分来补足宾语使句意完整。
eg:
He made me happy.
I keep the room tidy.
My mother saw me doing housework.